Original source: NBRO Hazard Resilient Housing Construction Manual, August 2015. All 158 original pages are preserved as WEBP images and in the supplied PDF. NBRO-Pxxx is the PDF page reference, not the printed page number. ALL PAGE FILES NBRO-P001 | PDF page 1 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P001.webp NBRO-P002 | PDF page 2 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P002.webp NBRO-P003 | PDF page 3 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P003.webp NBRO-P004 | PDF page 4 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P004.webp NBRO-P005 | PDF page 5 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P005.webp NBRO-P006 | PDF page 6 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P006.webp NBRO-P007 | PDF page 7 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P007.webp NBRO-P008 | PDF page 8 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P008.webp NBRO-P009 | PDF page 9 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P009.webp NBRO-P010 | PDF page 10 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P010.webp NBRO-P011 | PDF page 11 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P011.webp NBRO-P012 | PDF page 12 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P012.webp NBRO-P013 | PDF page 13 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P013.webp NBRO-P014 | PDF page 14 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P014.webp NBRO-P015 | PDF page 15 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P015.webp NBRO-P016 | PDF page 16 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P016.webp NBRO-P017 | PDF page 17 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P017.webp NBRO-P018 | PDF page 18 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P018.webp NBRO-P019 | PDF page 19 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P019.webp NBRO-P020 | PDF page 20 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P020.webp NBRO-P021 | PDF page 21 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P021.webp NBRO-P022 | PDF page 22 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P022.webp NBRO-P023 | PDF page 23 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P023.webp NBRO-P024 | PDF page 24 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P024.webp NBRO-P025 | PDF page 25 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P025.webp NBRO-P026 | PDF page 26 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P026.webp NBRO-P027 | PDF page 27 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P027.webp NBRO-P028 | PDF page 28 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P028.webp NBRO-P029 | PDF page 29 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P029.webp NBRO-P030 | PDF page 30 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P030.webp NBRO-P031 | PDF page 31 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P031.webp NBRO-P032 | PDF page 32 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P032.webp NBRO-P033 | PDF page 33 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P033.webp NBRO-P034 | PDF page 34 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P034.webp NBRO-P035 | PDF page 35 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P035.webp NBRO-P036 | PDF page 36 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P036.webp NBRO-P037 | PDF page 37 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P037.webp NBRO-P038 | PDF page 38 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P038.webp NBRO-P039 | PDF page 39 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P039.webp NBRO-P040 | PDF page 40 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P040.webp NBRO-P041 | PDF page 41 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P041.webp NBRO-P042 | PDF page 42 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P042.webp NBRO-P043 | PDF page 43 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P043.webp NBRO-P044 | PDF page 44 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P044.webp NBRO-P045 | PDF page 45 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P045.webp NBRO-P046 | PDF page 46 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P046.webp NBRO-P047 | PDF page 47 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P047.webp NBRO-P048 | PDF page 48 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P048.webp NBRO-P049 | PDF page 49 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P049.webp NBRO-P050 | PDF page 50 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P050.webp NBRO-P051 | PDF page 51 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P051.webp NBRO-P052 | PDF page 52 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P052.webp NBRO-P053 | PDF page 53 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P053.webp NBRO-P054 | PDF page 54 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P054.webp NBRO-P055 | PDF page 55 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P055.webp NBRO-P056 | PDF page 56 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P056.webp NBRO-P057 | PDF page 57 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P057.webp NBRO-P058 | PDF page 58 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P058.webp NBRO-P059 | PDF page 59 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P059.webp NBRO-P060 | PDF page 60 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P060.webp NBRO-P061 | PDF page 61 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P061.webp NBRO-P062 | PDF page 62 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P062.webp NBRO-P063 | PDF page 63 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P063.webp NBRO-P064 | PDF page 64 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P064.webp NBRO-P065 | PDF page 65 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P065.webp NBRO-P066 | PDF page 66 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P066.webp NBRO-P067 | PDF page 67 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P067.webp NBRO-P068 | PDF page 68 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P068.webp NBRO-P069 | PDF page 69 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P069.webp NBRO-P070 | PDF page 70 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P070.webp NBRO-P071 | PDF page 71 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P071.webp NBRO-P072 | PDF page 72 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P072.webp NBRO-P073 | PDF page 73 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P073.webp NBRO-P074 | PDF page 74 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P074.webp NBRO-P075 | PDF page 75 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P075.webp NBRO-P076 | PDF page 76 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P076.webp NBRO-P077 | PDF page 77 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P077.webp NBRO-P078 | PDF page 78 | 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NBRO-P094 | PDF page 94 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P094.webp NBRO-P095 | PDF page 95 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P095.webp NBRO-P096 | PDF page 96 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P096.webp NBRO-P097 | PDF page 97 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P097.webp NBRO-P098 | PDF page 98 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P098.webp NBRO-P099 | PDF page 99 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P099.webp NBRO-P100 | PDF page 100 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P100.webp NBRO-P101 | PDF page 101 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P101.webp NBRO-P102 | PDF page 102 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P102.webp NBRO-P103 | PDF page 103 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P103.webp NBRO-P104 | PDF page 104 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P104.webp NBRO-P105 | PDF page 105 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P105.webp NBRO-P106 | PDF page 106 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P106.webp NBRO-P107 | PDF page 107 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P107.webp NBRO-P108 | PDF page 108 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P108.webp NBRO-P109 | PDF page 109 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P109.webp NBRO-P110 | PDF page 110 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P110.webp NBRO-P111 | PDF page 111 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P111.webp NBRO-P112 | PDF page 112 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P112.webp NBRO-P113 | PDF page 113 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P113.webp NBRO-P114 | PDF page 114 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P114.webp NBRO-P115 | PDF page 115 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P115.webp NBRO-P116 | PDF page 116 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P116.webp NBRO-P117 | PDF page 117 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P117.webp NBRO-P118 | PDF page 118 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P118.webp NBRO-P119 | PDF page 119 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P119.webp NBRO-P120 | PDF page 120 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P120.webp NBRO-P121 | PDF page 121 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P121.webp NBRO-P122 | PDF page 122 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P122.webp NBRO-P123 | PDF page 123 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P123.webp NBRO-P124 | PDF page 124 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P124.webp NBRO-P125 | PDF page 125 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P125.webp NBRO-P126 | PDF page 126 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P126.webp NBRO-P127 | PDF page 127 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P127.webp NBRO-P128 | PDF page 128 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P128.webp NBRO-P129 | PDF page 129 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P129.webp NBRO-P130 | PDF page 130 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P130.webp NBRO-P131 | PDF page 131 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P131.webp NBRO-P132 | PDF page 132 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P132.webp NBRO-P133 | PDF page 133 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P133.webp NBRO-P134 | PDF page 134 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P134.webp NBRO-P135 | PDF page 135 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P135.webp NBRO-P136 | PDF page 136 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P136.webp NBRO-P137 | PDF page 137 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P137.webp NBRO-P138 | PDF page 138 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P138.webp NBRO-P139 | PDF page 139 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P139.webp NBRO-P140 | PDF page 140 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P140.webp NBRO-P141 | PDF page 141 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P141.webp NBRO-P142 | PDF page 142 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P142.webp NBRO-P143 | PDF page 143 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P143.webp NBRO-P144 | PDF page 144 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P144.webp NBRO-P145 | PDF page 145 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P145.webp NBRO-P146 | PDF page 146 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P146.webp NBRO-P147 | PDF page 147 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P147.webp NBRO-P148 | PDF page 148 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P148.webp NBRO-P149 | PDF page 149 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P149.webp NBRO-P150 | PDF page 150 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P150.webp NBRO-P151 | PDF page 151 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P151.webp NBRO-P152 | PDF page 152 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P152.webp NBRO-P153 | PDF page 153 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P153.webp NBRO-P154 | PDF page 154 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P154.webp NBRO-P155 | PDF page 155 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P155.webp NBRO-P156 | PDF page 156 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P156.webp NBRO-P157 | PDF page 157 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P157.webp NBRO-P158 | PDF page 158 | assets/resilient-guide/NBRO-P158.webp SEARCHABLE ORIGINAL CAPTIONS NBRO-P025 | PDF page 25 | Map 1: Landslide Hazard Prone Map of Sri Lanka with NBRO-P028 | PDF page 28 | Map 2. Strong winds in the order of 50m/s can be expected NBRO-P029 | PDF page 29 | Map 2: Tracks of Past Cyclones and Storms NBRO-P031 | PDF page 31 | Map 3: Major Tectonic Plates NBRO-P031 | PDF page 31 | Map 4: Earthquakes in and around Indo-Australian Plate NBRO-P033 | PDF page 33 | Map 5: Tsunami Inundation Map of Galle Area NBRO-P037 | PDF page 37 | Map 6: Identified Locations of Expansive Soils NBRO-P039 | PDF page 39 | Map 7: Risk Map of Ground Subsidence in Matale NBRO-P044 | PDF page 44 | Fig. B-1: Weaknesses of a Non-engineered House NBRO-P046 | PDF page 46 | Fig. B-2: Features of a Hazard Resilient House NBRO-P051 | PDF page 51 | Map 8: Landslide Hazard Zonation Maps NBRO-P052 | PDF page 52 | Map 9: River Basin based Flood Hazard Map NBRO-P054 | PDF page 54 | Table B-1: Approving Authorities for Residential Building Planning and Construction Activities NBRO-P055 | PDF page 55 | Fig. B-3 – Regular Shapes NBRO-P060 | PDF page 60 | Fig. B-6: Masonry Units NBRO-P061 | PDF page 61 | Table B-3: Mortar Mixes for Brick, Block or Rubble Masonry (Proportions by Volume) NBRO-P062 | PDF page 62 | Table B-4: Concrete Compressive Strength and Nominal Concrete Cover Based on Exposure NBRO-P066 | PDF page 66 | Fig. B-7: Pad Footing NBRO-P066 | PDF page 66 | Fig. B-8: Strip Footing NBRO-P066 | PDF page 66 | Fig. B-10: Pile Foundation NBRO-P066 | PDF page 66 | Fig. B-9: Raft Foundation NBRO-P068 | PDF page 68 | Table B-5: Presumptive Safe Bearing Capacities of Soil Types NBRO-P069 | PDF page 69 | Fig. B-11: Typical Column Foundation Section NBRO-P070 | PDF page 70 | Table B-6: Foundation Properties of Cement Block and Clay Brick Walls NBRO-P072 | PDF page 72 | Fig. B-13: Plinth/Tie Beam on typical Wall Foundation Section (Rubble Masonry) NBRO-P073 | PDF page 73 | Fig. B-14: Column Details NBRO-P074 | PDF page 74 | Fig. B-17: Beam Reinforcement Continuous Over NBRO-P074 | PDF page 74 | Fig. B-18: Arrangement of Beam Reinforcement Ending NBRO-P074 | PDF page 74 | Fig. B-16: Beam to Beam Connection Details NBRO-P074 | PDF page 74 | Fig. B-15: Beam Details NBRO-P076 | PDF page 76 | Fig. B-20: Openings in Cement Block or Brick NBRO-P077 | PDF page 77 | Fig. B-21: Typical Lintel/Sill Beam Plan View NBRO-P077 | PDF page 77 | Fig. B-22: Wall Opening Supported with Lintel/Sill Beams NBRO-P078 | PDF page 78 | Fig. B-23: Masonry Wall Profile (Running Bonds) NBRO-P079 | PDF page 79 | Fig. B-24: Block Wall Connections NBRO-P079 | PDF page 79 | Fig. B-25: Brick Wall Connections NBRO-P081 | PDF page 81 | Fig. B-26: Roof Structure for Cement Sheet Roofs NBRO-P081 | PDF page 81 | Fig. B-27: Roof Structure For Tiled Roofs NBRO-P082 | PDF page 82 | Fig. B-28: Wall Plate on Structure NBRO-P082 | PDF page 82 | Fig. B-29: Reeper to Rafter Connection NBRO-P083 | PDF page 83 | Fig. B-30: Corrugated Cement Sheet Connection Details NBRO-P084 | PDF page 84 | Fig. B-31: Tiled Roof Details NBRO-P084 | PDF page 84 | Fig. B-32: Connection with Deformed Bar NBRO-P092 | PDF page 92 | Fig. C-1: Slope Angle NBRO-P093 | PDF page 93 | Table C-1: Structural Requirements for Landslide Resilient Houses NBRO-P094 | PDF page 94 | Table C-1: Structural Requirements for Landslide Resilient Houses NBRO-P096 | PDF page 96 | Map 10. Landslide Hazard Zonation Mapping Area NBRO-P098 | PDF page 98 | Fig. C-2: Opening and Widening of Cracks NBRO-P098 | PDF page 98 | Fig. C-3: Oozing and Appearance of Water NBRO-P098 | PDF page 98 | Fig. C-4: Tilting of Trees and Utility Posts NBRO-P100 | PDF page 100 | Fig. C-5: Terraced Housing Fig. C-6: Foundations to Suit Slope NBRO-P101 | PDF page 101 | Fig. C-7: Dip Types NBRO-P102 | PDF page 102 | Table C-2: Cut Slopes NBRO-P102 | PDF page 102 | Table C-3: Average Slope Values for Bedrock Excavation NBRO-P103 | PDF page 103 | Fig. C-8: Space between House and Cut Slope NBRO-P103 | PDF page 103 | Fig. C-9: Distance from a Retaining Wall NBRO-P104 | PDF page 104 | Fig. C-10: Space between Foundation and Slopes NBRO-P105 | PDF page 105 | Fig. C-11: Mass Concrete wall with NBRO-P105 | PDF page 105 | Fig. C-12: Mass concrete wall NBRO-P106 | PDF page 106 | Fig. C-13: Hexagonally Woven mesh NBRO-P106 | PDF page 106 | Fig. C-14: Example of a Gabion Wall NBRO-P106 | PDF page 106 | Fig. C-15: Types of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls NBRO-P107 | PDF page 107 | Fig. C-15: Types of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls NBRO-P108 | PDF page 108 | Fig. C-16: Cantilevered embedded wall Fig. C-17: Anchored Embedded wall NBRO-P111 | PDF page 111 | Fig. C-18: House Orientation NBRO-P111 | PDF page 111 | Fig. C-19: Placement of Openings NBRO-P112 | PDF page 112 | Fig. C-21: Plinth Level Raised By Creating An Elevated Ground NBRO-P112 | PDF page 112 | Fig. C-20: Plinth Level Raised By Building On Higher Ground NBRO-P113 | PDF page 113 | Fig. C-22: Plinth Level Raised by Building on Silts NBRO-P113 | PDF page 113 | Fig. C-23: Cross Walls NBRO-P114 | PDF page 114 | Fig. C-24: Pressure or Suction NBRO-P114 | PDF page 114 | Fig. C-25: Uplift NBRO-P114 | PDF page 114 | Fig. C-26: Sliding NBRO-P114 | PDF page 114 | Fig. C-27: Racking(Tilting) NBRO-P116 | PDF page 116 | Fig. C-28: Exposed Condition NBRO-P116 | PDF page 116 | Fig. C-29: Sheltered Condition NBRO-P117 | PDF page 117 | Map 11: Wind Loading Zones of Sri Lanka NBRO-P119 | PDF page 119 | Fig. C-30: Shorter Side of House Facing NBRO-P119 | PDF page 119 | Fig. C-31: Openings on Opposite Walls NBRO-P120 | PDF page 120 | Table C-4: Recommended Spacing of Vertical Supports for Brick Walls NBRO-P121 | PDF page 121 | Table C-5: Specifications of Timber Roof Structure for Sheet and Tiled Roofs NBRO-P122 | PDF page 122 | Fig. C-32: Rafter to Wall Plate Connection NBRO-P123 | PDF page 123 | Fig. C-33: Rafter to Ridge Board Connection NBRO-P124 | PDF page 124 | Fig. C-34: Rafter To Under-purlin Connection NBRO-P124 | PDF page 124 | Fig. C-35: Barge Detail Fig. C-36: Eaves Detail NBRO-P125 | PDF page 125 | Fig. C-37: Sheet Roof Connection Details NBRO-P126 | PDF page 126 | Fig. C-38: At Least One Room to have a Flat Roof NBRO-P127 | PDF page 127 | Fig. C-39: Iron Strap NBRO-P127 | PDF page 127 | Fig. C-40: Positioning of Straps NBRO-P127 | PDF page 127 | Fig. C-41: Brickwork Construction Around Frame NBRO-P129 | PDF page 129 | Fig. C-42: Regular Shapes Fig. C-43: Non-regular Shapes NBRO-P130 | PDF page 130 | Fig. C-45: Typical Foundation Options for Confined Masonry House NBRO-P130 | PDF page 130 | Fig. C-44: Basic Components of Confined Masonry House NBRO-P131 | PDF page 131 | Fig. C-46: Basic Framed Structure NBRO-P132 | PDF page 132 | Fig. C-47: Arrangement of Tie-columns NBRO-P133 | PDF page 133 | Fig. C-48: Arrangement of Tie-beams NBRO-P134 | PDF page 134 | Fig. C-49: Lintel at Opening NBRO-P136 | PDF page 136 | Fig. C-50a: Raft Foundation (Type 1) NBRO-P136 | PDF page 136 | Fig. C-50b: Raft Foundation (Type 2) NBRO-P138 | PDF page 138 | Fig. C-51: Stiffened Strip Footing: Inverted “T” type Foundation NBRO-P138 | PDF page 138 | Fig. C-52: Vierendeel Girder type Foundation NBRO-P138 | PDF page 138 | Fig. C-53: Sinking Cylinders (If soft soil layer is 3-4m and firm stratum found in shallow depth) NBRO-P141 | PDF page 141 | Fig. C-54: – Shapes Desirable, usually NBRO-P141 | PDF page 141 | Fig. C-55: Shapes more Practical and Suitable NBRO-P142 | PDF page 142 | Fig. C-58: Block Water Forces NBRO-P142 | PDF page 142 | Fig. C-57: Slow down water currents NBRO-P142 | PDF page 142 | Fig. C-56: Locate above the Inundation